Cannabinoids are a group of chemical substances isolated from the plants from which they derive their name, i.e., cannabis. They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents (fats and alcohols) but do not dissolve in water.
Cannabinoids interact with the endocannabinoid system in our bodies. Two types of receptors building this system are known so far – CB1 and CB2.
CB1 receptors are present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Their highest concentration is found in centers responsible for memory, emotions, cognitive functions, movement, and pain modulation.
CB2 receptors, on the other hand, are located in internal organs and structures of the immune system, where one of their roles is modulating the release of cytokines – anti-inflammatory action.
Cannabinoids also act in our body outside the endocannabinoid system – they show affinity to other receptors:
Dopamine receptors – responsible for emotions, movement, pleasure, and pain perception. Serotonin receptors – responsible for mood and happiness. Opioid receptors – responsible for pain sensation.
Types of cannabinoids
Currently, we know over 110 substances classified as cannabinoids. A significant portion of them is phytochemicals, meaning plant-derived active substances – phytocannabinoids, natural. The most researched cannabinoids include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its isomer cannabidiol (CBD), as well as cannabigerol (CBG). Other representatives of this group include, for example, cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidivarin (CBDV).
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